اولا السلام عليكم ورحمه الله وبركاته
لاني قد وعدت برد عن اسباب اتفاقيه ساكس بيكو ولابين انها ليست مؤامره فقط على الاسلام , بل كانت مصلحه لليهود للتخلص من الضغط والعنصريه اتجاههم من الاوربين واياضا بسبب توغل بعض الصهاينه في الحكومه البريطانيه لعلمهم انها اقوى القوى انذاك واستغلالهم الاعلام لاضهار انهم مظلومين, ايضا اقرااو محاولتهم التي رُفضت من العثمانين قبل البريطانين, ثم توغلهم لكسب التايد من اعضاء في الحكومه البريطانيه
اقتبس هذا الرد من كتاب المستشرق المحايد Peter Mansfield لكتابه A HISTORY OF THE MIDLE EAST
من الصفحه 160 -162 وهناك المزيد من الحقائق لكن خفت ان يغلق الموضوع قبل ان ارد فاكتفيت بهذه الصفحات التي تشرح باختصار اسباب نشوء الحركه الصهيونيه وانتهائهم بالحصول على تايد بعض اعضاء الحكومه البريطانيه ( ومنهم سايكس بيكو كوت)
Since the failure of the last attempt to restore Jewish independence in Palestine in AD 134, the Jews had become scattered throughout the world. Only a few thousand religious Jews remained in Jerusalem, and there were tiny communities elsewhere in the holy land. The Jews in the rest of the world experienced varying degrees of persecution and prosperity, discrimination and tolerance but from the eighteenth century they benefited from the economic expansion of the Western Europe and the movement towards religious toleration. During the nineteenth century, liberalism and assimilation appeared to be steadily gaining ground in Western Europe, particularly in Russia and Russian Poland where the convention of Jewish population was greatest. Just as anit-jewish movements, influenced by the nationalist temper of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize race rather than religion, so the Jews themselves, under the influence to their environment and the pressure of persecution, began think in terms of a new Jewish nationalism. However, it took nearly two thousand years to develop the idea of a mass return of the 12 million Jews in the world to Palestine to re-create a Jewish state-the Jewish prayer’ next year in Jerusalem’ was the expression of a spiritual or messianic ideal rather than a political slogan.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, there was a steady movement of Jews from Eastern Europe to settle in Palestine. Supported y Jewish philanthropy, they went mainly to found colonies to work the land. They were the pioneers of ‘practical Zionism’. They were very much fewer than those who went to Western Europe and the United States. But by 1914, there were about 80,000 Jews (including the indigenous communities) in Palestine, compared with about 650,000 Arabs.
‘Political Zionism’ or the concept of turning Palestine into a national Jewish state was founded by Theodor Herzl, a prominent Austrian political journalist who in 1896 published his book DER JUDENSTAAT (the Jewish state: an attempt at a modern solution of the Jewish question). In which he declared that the Jewish question was neither social nor religious but national. Although himself and assimilated agnostic hew, he maintained that assimilation had not worked.
Anti-Semitism was growing. He didn’t believe that all Jews should be forced to go to the new Jewish state: the important thing was that Jews should enjoy sovereignty over a piece of territory to suit their national requirements. If It were in Palestine, the European Jews would help to civilize the surrounding region.
Herzl organized the first Zionist Congress, at Basle in 1897, where the delegated called for the colonization of Palestine by Jewish agricultural and industrial workers and the organization and binding together of the whole of Jewry.
For tactical reasons, the Zionist spoke of a ‘home ‘rather than stat in Palestine, although they still had to secure Ottoman consents for this. Herzl’s request was rejected by Sultan Abdul Hamid. Herzl than considered Sinai AND Cyprus (inhabited by Greeks and Turks), but these were denied him by Cromer of Egypt and the British Colonial Office. In 1903 the British government agreed to consider, but this was rejected by the sixth Zionist Congress shortly before his death in 1904.
There followed a decade of frustration for political Zionism. The world Zionist Organization, based in Vienna, was established on a sound footing, and it was possible to step up the process of practical Zionism as the Young Turks allowed some relaxation of Jewish immigration into Palestine. A Jewish National Fund to buy land in Palestine was founded in 1901. But the objective of turning Palestine into a national home for all the Jews seemed as far away as ever. World Jewry had still to be won over to Zionism. Many of the most prominent and wealthy Jews in central and Western Europe were opposed to what they saw as a disruptive movement. American Jews still showed little interest. Religious leaders ware divided with the chief rabbi of Vienna declaring that Zionism was incompatible with Judaism.
The weight of support for Zionism came from the mass of eastern European Jews, However, in the years leading up to the first world war, the Zionist organization moved the focus of its attentions to Britain, Where it could act most freely and where , according to Herzl, there was least anti-Semitism. Two of Herzl’s leading east European lieutenants-Chaim Weizmann and Nahum Sokolove- were now living in England. By 1914 Weizmann, as president of the English Zionist Federation, was familiar with half the British cabinet.
Zionists fully understood the importance of securing the support of the most powerful Gentiles as well as world Jewry. In some important cases they had little or no need to persuade.
Many different individuals contributed to the genesis of the Balfour Declaration. The British Gentiles among them were guided by a remarkable mixture of imperial and romantic/Historical feelings. It was a Jewish member of the British government Herbert Samuel, who in January 1915 first proposed to the cabinet the idea of a Jewish Palestine which would be annexed to the British Empire. But IT was not until after David Lloyd George took over the conduct of the war at the end of 1916, as the leader of a National Coalition of Liberals and Conservatives, that the Zionist cause made real headway.
The prime minister , a close friend of the Gentile Zionist Editor of the Manchester Guardian –C.P Scott.- was and easy convert, as were other members in his cabinet- Balfour, the foreign secretary; Lord Milner, the former imperial consul in Africa; and a large group of Foreign Office officials and government advisers which included Sir Mark Sykes. These were non-Jews who saw huge advantages in a Jewish Palestine as part of the empire. But underpinning their imperial convictions was the romantic appeal of the return of the Jews to Zion, which founded on Old Testament Christianity, was part of their Victorian upbringing. The British cabinet had already veered away from the commitment in the Sykes-picot agreement to international control for Palestine. ‘Britain could take care of the holy places better than anyone else’ the prime minister told C.P. Scott and a French Palestine was ‘not to be thought of’
( ارجوا اني قد وفقت في طباعتها بدون اخطاء فلا اخفي عليكم اني لم اراجعها حرفيا, لكن اظن انها واضحه :))
سلامي
