الرجاء المساعدة من خبراء لينوكس

[micho119]

السلام عليكم
أنا أرغب و بشدة في تحميل اللينوكس لكن محتار أي نسخة أثبت
أسمع كثيراً عن الريدهات و الفيدورا و الماندريفا
و الثلاثة و جدتهم في السوق
بقي أن أختار فبماذا تنصحوني

[Argonaut]

وعليكم السلام

اختر Mandriva 2008 فهي اقوى ولو اني انصحك Ubuntu 7.10

[ismailsrt4400]

Ubuntu 7.10
i use it and its a perfect and great version of linux

[مهندس حشاش]

شباب ممكن مساعده عندي هالبروجكت ممكن احد يساعدني

Objectives:

There are several objectives to this assignment:
1. To learn installing other than Windows operating system, such as Minix or Linux OS.

2. To apply your C/C++ programming skills in writing system programs.

3. To learn using some of the I/O facilities and library functions provided by Linux and C/C++.

4. To get some experience with process creation and program starting facilities in Linux.

5. To get some experience making a robust program, i.e., resistant to crashing.

What to Do:

1. Choose one of the following options:

a. Install a Minix3 system directly on your machine. You will be using it in your term project.

b. Install a virtual machine over your OS, and then install Minix or Linux as a guest OS.

c. Install the cygwin software package (http://www.cygwin.com) that provides a Linux environment over windows.

2. Write a simple shell as given in class. Your shell, called shell will read input lines from standard input, parse them into a command name and a set of zero or more arguments, and then start a new process running that command. The new process may be run in the foreground or in the background depending on the presence of an optional ‘&’ at the end of the command line. When you start your shell, it shall provide a prompt and then wait for a command line of the form:

Command arg1 arg2 arg3 . . . argk [&]

The shell must look for the command name (program name) in exactly /bin and /usr/bin directories, then starts the program with k arguments: "arg1", "arg2", "arg3", . . . and "argk".

3. You should become familiar with the Linux manuals and the online "man" facility. This will be a great help in working on your assignments. For example, if you wanted to know how the fork (create process) system call works, you would type:

man 2 fork

The Linux manual is organized into many sections. You will be mainly interested in the first three sections. Section 1 is for commands, like ls, g++, or cat. Section 2 is for Linux system calls (calls directly to the Linux kernel), such as fork, open, or read. The Linux library routines are in Section 3. These are calls such as atof, or strcpy.
Your shell program must loop (until exit command is found) waiting for a line of standard input. You should use the standard C++ stream classes for I/O. Each line has a command and zero or more arguments, as stated above. Each of these items is separated by one or more blank characters (spaces or tabs). Your shell must fork a child process and than overlay itself (exec) the program matching the command name. The shell’s parent process defaults to waiting for the child process. Optionally, at the end of any command input, can be a "&" character, which means that the parent process does not wait for the child process to complete before prompting for the next command.
The command line is processed (by the shell) into a list of character strings, one for each argument (including the command name). These arguments are passed as parameters to the exec command (you'll probably want to use "execvp").
Make sure that your program can handle input lines that have very long command names and arguments. You must also be able to deal gracefully with command lines that are arbitrarily long; you must be able to gracefully reject them. Your program should not crash, no matter how weird the input. For example, suppose that the input has zero-value characters (bytes) or lines that have 1,000,000 characters? As a result, you may not be able to use the input routines that first occur to you.
Test your program to make sure it can start up simple programs and pass parameters to them. Then test it by running standard Linux utilities like "ls". Then test its robustness by giving your program many nonsense commands or lines as input.

What to turn in:

- Your program in printed form and executables on a disk, Include all your .c and .h files.
- Please tar (and if you wish, gzip) your source files and submit them. Your files must include a makefile which, by typing "make", should build the executable, which should be named shell.
- Your code should also include a brief README file to report whether your code works or not and anything else (e.g. any unusual library functions) that I need to know about